Ketamine therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for various mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and chronic pain. In this post, we explore the primary methods through which ketamine is administered in clinical settings.
Intravenous (IV) Infusion
Intravenous infusion is the most common and extensively studied route for administering ketamine. This method involves delivering ketamine directly into the bloodstream, allowing for high bioavailability (approximately 100%) and rapid onset of effects. During an IV infusion, ketamine is typically administered at a controlled rate over about 40 minutes, enabling healthcare providers to adjust the dosage based on patient response and side effects. A typical dosage for treating a mental health condition is 0.5 mg/kg.
Intramuscular (IM) Injection
Intramuscular injections involve administering ketamine directly into the muscle, usually in the arm. This method provides a high absorption rate (approximately 93%) but offers less control over the dosage compared to IV infusions. IM injections are quicker but may require multiple doses in a single session.
Intranasal Spray
The intranasal route involves spraying ketamine into the nasal cavities. This method is less invasive and more convenient, but it has a lower absorption rate (45-50%) compared to IV and IM routes. It is a good option for patients who are afraid of needles. Intranasal esketamine, a derivative of ketamine, is marketed under the brand name SpravatoⓇ and is administered intranasally. Numerous studies have compared the effectiveness of ketamine vs esketamine.
Sublingual
Ketamine can also be administered sublingually (under the tongue) in the form of a lozenge or troche. These lozenges typically come in doses ranging from 100 mg to 400 mg, depending on individual needs and medical history. It is generally recommended to take ketamine lozenges on an empty stomach to enhance absorption and reduce the likelihood of nausea. The lozenge should be placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve completely, which usually takes about 10 to 15 minutes. During this time, swallowing the saliva that builds up in the mouth should be avoided, as holding the dissolved ketamine in the mouth allows for better absorption through the mucous membranes. Ketamine lozenges are known to have a bitter taste, making it unpleasant to hold under the tongue while they dissolve.
Bioavailability and Other Considerations
Each route of administration has its own advantages and limitations, affecting the bioavailability, onset, and duration of ketamine's effects. The choice of route depends on various factors, including the patient's specific condition, treatment goals, and potential side effects. It is essential for ketamine therapy to be administered under the supervision of trained healthcare professionals to ensure safety and efficacy.
Please note: Intended for educational and informative purposes only and not intended to serve as medical or professional advice. For medical attention or advice you should consult your physician or other health care professional.
